Unless otherwise configured, the client libraries use Application Default Credentials to authenticate with Google Cloud Services. While this works for most applications, in some cases you may need to override this default. You can do so by providing the UnifiedCredentialsOption The following example shows how to explicitly load a service account key file:
[](std::string const& keyfile) {
auto is = std::ifstream(keyfile);
is.exceptions(std::ios::badbit); // Minimal error handling in examples
auto contents = std::string(std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(is.rdbuf()), {});
auto options =
google::cloud::Options{}.set<google::cloud::UnifiedCredentialsOption>(
google::cloud::MakeServiceAccountCredentials(contents));
return google::cloud::appengine_v1::ApplicationsClient(
google::cloud::appengine_v1::MakeApplicationsConnection(options));
}
Follow these links to find examples for other *Client classes:
[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Missing the information I need","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["Too complicated / too many steps","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["Out of date","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["Samples / code issue","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-28 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis page provides documentation for overriding default authentication credentials when using Google Cloud client libraries, specifically focusing on App Engine services.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe client libraries typically use Application Default Credentials for authentication, but this can be overridden using the \u003ccode\u003eUnifiedCredentialsOption\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe latest release candidate version available is 2.37.0-rc, and the content lists available versions from this version all the way back to 2.11.0.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eService account keys can be loaded explicitly by reading a key file, as demonstrated in the provided example code, showcasing how to create an \u003ccode\u003eApplicationsClient\u003c/code\u003e with this method.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe page provides links to examples for \u003ccode\u003e*Client\u003c/code\u003e classes such as \u003ccode\u003eApplicationsClient\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eAuthorizedCertificatesClient\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eAuthorizedDomainsClient\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eDomainMappingsClient\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eFirewallClient\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eInstancesClient\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eServicesClient\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eVersionsClient\u003c/code\u003e for version 2.33.0.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["Version 2.33.0keyboard_arrow_down\n\n- [2.42.0-rc (latest)](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/latest/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.41.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.41.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.40.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.40.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.39.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.39.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.38.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.38.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.37.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.37.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.36.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.36.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.35.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.35.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.34.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.34.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.33.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.33.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.32.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.32.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.31.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.31.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.30.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.30.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.29.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.29.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.28.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.28.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.27.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.27.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.26.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.26.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.25.1](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.25.1/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.24.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.24.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.23.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.23.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.22.1](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.22.1/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.21.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.21.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.20.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.20.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.19.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.19.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.18.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.18.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.17.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.17.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.16.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.16.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.15.1](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.15.1/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.14.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.14.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.13.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.13.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.12.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.12.0/appengine-override-authentication)\n- [2.11.0](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.11.0/appengine-override-authentication) \n\nHow to Override the Authentication Credentials\n==============================================\n\nUnless otherwise configured, the client libraries use [Application Default Credentials](https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication#adc) to authenticate with Google Cloud Services. While this works for most applications, in some cases you may need to override this default. You can do so by providing the [UnifiedCredentialsOption](https://cloud.google.com/cpp/docs/reference/common/latest/structgoogle_1_1cloud_1_1UnifiedCredentialsOption.html) The following example shows how to explicitly load a service account key file: \n\n [](std::string const& keyfile) {\n auto is = std::ifstream(keyfile);\n is.exceptions(std::ios::badbit); // Minimal error handling in examples\n auto contents = std::string(std::istreambuf_iterator\u003cchar\u003e(is.rdbuf()), {});\n auto options =\n google::cloud::Options{}.set\u003cgoogle::cloud::UnifiedCredentialsOption\u003e(\n google::cloud::MakeServiceAccountCredentials(contents));\n return google::cloud::appengine_v1::ApplicationsClient(\n google::cloud::appengine_v1::MakeApplicationsConnection(options));\n }\n\nFollow these links to find examples for other `*Client` classes:\n\n- [`appengine_v1::ApplicationsClient`](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.33.0/appengine_v1_1_1ApplicationsClient-service-account-snippet)\n- [`appengine_v1::AuthorizedCertificatesClient`](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.33.0/appengine_v1_1_1AuthorizedCertificatesClient-service-account-snippet)\n- [`appengine_v1::AuthorizedDomainsClient`](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.33.0/appengine_v1_1_1AuthorizedDomainsClient-service-account-snippet)\n- [`appengine_v1::DomainMappingsClient`](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.33.0/appengine_v1_1_1DomainMappingsClient-service-account-snippet)\n- [`appengine_v1::FirewallClient`](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.33.0/appengine_v1_1_1FirewallClient-service-account-snippet)\n- [`appengine_v1::InstancesClient`](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.33.0/appengine_v1_1_1InstancesClient-service-account-snippet)\n- [`appengine_v1::ServicesClient`](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.33.0/appengine_v1_1_1ServicesClient-service-account-snippet)\n- [`appengine_v1::VersionsClient`](/cpp/docs/reference/appengine/2.33.0/appengine_v1_1_1VersionsClient-service-account-snippet)\n\nKeep in mind that we chose this as an example because it is relatively easy to understand. Consult the [Best practices for managing service account keys](https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/best-practices-for-managing-service-account-keys) guide for more details.\n\n###### See Also\n\n[Authentication Components](https://cloud.google.com/cpp/docs/reference/common/latest/group__guac.html) - for more information on the factory functions to create [`google::cloud::Credentials`](https://cloud.google.com/cpp/docs/reference/common/latest/classgoogle_1_1cloud_1_1Credentials.html) objects."]]