Effettuare l'autenticazione per l'utilizzo delle librerie client

Questa pagina descrive come utilizzare le librerie client per accedere alle API di Google.

Le librerie client semplificano l'accesso alle APITrusted Cloud by S3NS utilizzando un linguaggio supportato. Puoi utilizzare le API Trusted Cloud by S3NS direttamente effettuando richieste non elaborate al server, ma le librerie client forniscono semplificazioni che riducono notevolmente la quantità di codice da scrivere. Ciò vale soprattutto per l'autenticazione, perché le librerie client supportano le credenziali predefinite dell'applicazione (ADC).

Se accetti configurazioni delle credenziali (JSON, file o stream) da un'origine esterna (ad esempio, un cliente), esamina i requisiti di sicurezza quando utilizzi configurazioni delle credenziali da un'origine esterna.

Utilizzare le credenziali predefinite dell'applicazione con le librerie client

Per utilizzare le Credenziali predefinite dell'applicazione per autenticare la tua applicazione, devi prima configurare le credenziali predefinite dell'applicazione per l'ambiente in cui è in esecuzione l'applicazione. Quando utilizzi la libreria client per creare un client, la libreria client verifica automaticamente le credenziali che hai fornito ad ADC e le utilizza per l'autenticazione alle API utilizzate dal tuo codice. La tua applicazione non deve autenticarsi o gestire i token in modo esplicito. Questi requisiti vengono gestiti automaticamente dalle librerie di autenticazione.

Per un ambiente di sviluppo locale, puoi configurare ADC con le tue credenziali utente o con la account di servizio account utilizzando gcloud CLI. Per gli ambienti di produzione, configura ADC collegando un service account.

Creazione di un client di esempio

I seguenti esempi di codice creano un client per il servizio Cloud Storage. È probabile che il tuo codice richieda client diversi. Questi esempi hanno lo scopo di mostrare come creare un client e utilizzarlo senza codice per eseguire l'autenticazione in modo esplicito.

Prima di poter eseguire gli esempi riportati di seguito, devi completare i seguenti passaggi:

Vai

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/storage"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

// authenticateImplicitWithAdc uses Application Default Credentials
// to automatically find credentials and authenticate.
func authenticateImplicitWithAdc(w io.Writer, projectId string) error {
	// projectId := "your_project_id"

	ctx := context.Background()

	// NOTE: Replace the client created below with the client required for your application.
	// Note that the credentials are not specified when constructing the client.
	// The client library finds your credentials using ADC.
	client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	it := client.Buckets(ctx, projectId)
	for {
		bucketAttrs, err := it.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			break
		}
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Bucket: %v\n", bucketAttrs.Name)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Listed all storage buckets.\n")

	return nil
}

Java


import com.google.api.gax.paging.Page;
import com.google.cloud.storage.Bucket;
import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions;
import java.io.IOException;

public class AuthenticateImplicitWithAdc {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    // TODO(Developer):
    //  1. Before running this sample,
    //  set up Application Default Credentials as described in
    //  https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/external/set-up-adc
    //  2. Replace the project variable below.
    //  3. Make sure you have the necessary permission to list storage buckets
    //  "storage.buckets.list"
    String projectId = "your-google-cloud-project-id";
    authenticateImplicitWithAdc(projectId);
  }

  // When interacting with Google Cloud Client libraries, the library can auto-detect the
  // credentials to use.
  public static void authenticateImplicitWithAdc(String project) throws IOException {

    // *NOTE*: Replace the client created below with the client required for your application.
    // Note that the credentials are not specified when constructing the client.
    // Hence, the client library will look for credentials using ADC.
    //
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
    Storage storage = StorageOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(project).build().getService();

    System.out.println("Buckets:");
    Page<Bucket> buckets = storage.list();
    for (Bucket bucket : buckets.iterateAll()) {
      System.out.println(bucket.toString());
    }
    System.out.println("Listed all storage buckets.");
  }
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer):
 *  1. Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 *  2. Set up ADC as described in https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/external/set-up-adc
 *  3. Make sure you have the necessary permission to list storage buckets "storage.buckets.list"
 *    (https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/access-control/iam-permissions#bucket_permissions)
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';

const {Storage} = require('@google-cloud/storage');

async function authenticateImplicitWithAdc() {
  // This snippet demonstrates how to list buckets.
  // NOTE: Replace the client created below with the client required for your application.
  // Note that the credentials are not specified when constructing the client.
  // The client library finds your credentials using ADC.
  const storage = new Storage({
    projectId,
  });
  const [buckets] = await storage.getBuckets();
  console.log('Buckets:');

  for (const bucket of buckets) {
    console.log(`- ${bucket.name}`);
  }

  console.log('Listed all storage buckets.');
}

authenticateImplicitWithAdc();

PHP

// Imports the Cloud Storage client library.
use Google\Cloud\Storage\StorageClient;

/**
 * Authenticate to a cloud client library using a service account implicitly.
 *
 * @param string $projectId The Google project ID.
 */
function auth_cloud_implicit($projectId)
{
    $config = [
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ];

    # If you don't specify credentials when constructing the client, the
    # client library will look for credentials in the environment.
    $storage = new StorageClient($config);

    # Make an authenticated API request (listing storage buckets)
    foreach ($storage->buckets() as $bucket) {
        printf('Bucket: %s' . PHP_EOL, $bucket->name());
    }
}

Python


from google.cloud import storage


def authenticate_implicit_with_adc(project_id="your-google-cloud-project-id"):
    """
    When interacting with Google Cloud Client libraries, the library can auto-detect the
    credentials to use.

    // TODO(Developer):
    //  1. Before running this sample,
    //  set up ADC as described in https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/external/set-up-adc
    //  2. Replace the project variable.
    //  3. Make sure that the user account or service account that you are using
    //  has the required permissions. For this sample, you must have "storage.buckets.list".
    Args:
        project_id: The project id of your Google Cloud project.
    """

    # This snippet demonstrates how to list buckets.
    # *NOTE*: Replace the client created below with the client required for your application.
    # Note that the credentials are not specified when constructing the client.
    # Hence, the client library will look for credentials using ADC.
    storage_client = storage.Client(project=project_id)
    buckets = storage_client.list_buckets()
    print("Buckets:")
    for bucket in buckets:
        print(bucket.name)
    print("Listed all storage buckets.")

Ruby

def authenticate_implicit_with_adc project_id:
  # The ID of your Google Cloud project
  # project_id = "your-google-cloud-project-id"

  ###
  # When interacting with Google Cloud Client libraries, the library can auto-detect the
  # credentials to use.
  # TODO(Developer):
  #   1. Before running this sample,
  #      set up ADC as described in https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/external/set-up-adc
  #   2. Replace the project variable.
  #   3. Make sure that the user account or service account that you are using
  #      has the required permissions. For this sample, you must have "storage.buckets.list".
  ###

  require "google/cloud/storage"

  # This sample demonstrates how to list buckets.
  # *NOTE*: Replace the client created below with the client required for your application.
  # Note that the credentials are not specified when constructing the client.
  # Hence, the client library will look for credentials using ADC.
  storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new project_id: project_id
  buckets = storage.buckets
  puts "Buckets: "
  buckets.each do |bucket|
    puts bucket.name
  end
  puts "Plaintext: Listed all storage buckets."
end

Utilizzare le chiavi API con le librerie client

Puoi utilizzare le chiavi API solo con le librerie client per le API che accettano le chiavi API. Inoltre, la chiave API non deve avere una limitazione API che ne impedisca l'utilizzo per l'API.

Per saperne di più sulle chiavi API create in modalità express, consulta le domande frequenti sulla modalità express di Google Cloud.