This document describes the machine series options you can select for your Cloud SQL instance, and the configurations, storage options, and limitations for each.
Cloud SQL provides machine series options for your instance, based on its Cloud SQL edition. A machine series is a curated set of processor and hardware configurations optimized for specific Cloud SQL workloads. These machine series let you tailor vCPU and memory for your instance and optimize performance for various demands. The machine series you select also determines the storage option available for your Cloud SQL instance.
Each machine series provides multiple machine types. When you create an
instance, you select a machine type from the machine series you want to use,
which defines the resource and storage option available for your instance. For
example, if you select the db-perf-optimized-N-2 machine type, which belongs
to the N2 machine series, the storage option available for your instance is
SSD.
Machine series supported by Cloud SQL
The following table provides an overview of the machine series options that Cloud SQL supports, based on your instance's Cloud SQL edition and the storage options available for each machine series:
| Cloud SQL edition | Machine series | Storage option |
|---|---|---|
| Cloud SQL Enterprise Plus edition | C4A | Hyperdisk Balanced |
| N2 | SSD | |
| Cloud SQL Enterprise edition | General purpose shared core | SSD HDD |
| General purpose dedicated core | SSD HDD |
|
| N4 | Hyperdisk Balanced |
To see machine series availability by region, see Region availability.
Machine series availability for Cloud SQL Enterprise Plus edition instances
For Cloud SQL Enterprise Plus edition instances, you can select one of the following machine series:
- N2: This machine series provides a balanced price-to-performance ratio for a variety of Cloud SQL workloads.
- C4A: This machine series provides optimized price-performance and delivers predictable high performance for high demand Cloud SQL workloads.
For Cloud SQL Enterprise Plus edition instances, each machine series provides predefined machine types with preset memory and vCPUs for your instances. Availability depends on your instance's Cloud SQL edition, region, and database version.
N2 machine series
The N2 machine series provides a balanced price-performance for a wide variety of database workloads, with a memory-to-compute ratio of 1 vCPU:8 GB RAM. It uses the Performance Persistent Disk (PD-SSD) storage option. For more information about storage types, see Storage options overview.
N2 machine types
The following machine types are available for instances for the N2 machine series:
| Machine type | vCPUs | Memory (GB) | Optional Data Cache (GB) |
|---|---|---|---|
db-perf-optimized-N-2 |
2 | 16 | 375 |
db-perf-optimized-N-4 |
4 | 32 | 375 |
db-perf-optimized-N-8 |
8 | 64 | 375 |
db-perf-optimized-N-16 |
16 | 128 | 750 |
db-perf-optimized-N-32 |
32 | 256 | 1,500 |
db-perf-optimized-N-48 |
48 | 384 | 3,000 |
db-perf-optimized-N-64 |
64 | 512 | 6,000 |
db-perf-optimized-N-80 |
80 | 640 | 6,000 |
db-perf-optimized-N-96 |
96 | 768 | 6,000 |
db-perf-optimized-N-128 |
128 | 864 | 6,000 |
C4A machine series
The C4A machine series provides high performance for a variety of performance-sensitive database workloads.
It uses the Hyperdisk Balanced storage option, which is a Google Cloud Hyperdisk offering. Google Cloud Hyperdisk is the latest generation of network block storage service in Cloud de Confiance by S3NS. For more information about storage types, see Cloud SQL storage options overview.
The C4A machine series provides predefined machine types that depend on your instance's region and configuration. Your Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL Enterprise Plus edition instance must be PostgreSQL version 13 or later to select a C4A machine series.
For more information about supported regions, see Regional availability.
C4A machine types
The following table shows predefined machine types that are available for the C4A machine series with optional Data Cache:
| Machine type | vCPUs | Memory (GB) | Optional Data Cache (GB) |
|---|---|---|---|
db-c4a-highmem-2 |
2 | 16 | Not available |
db-c4a-highmem-4 |
4 | 32 | 375 |
db-c4a-highmem-8 |
8 | 64 | 750 |
db-c4a-highmem-16 |
16 | 128 | 1,500 |
db-c4a-highmem-32 |
32 | 256 | 2,250 |
db-c4a-highmem-48 |
48 | 384 | 3,750 |
db-c4a-highmem-64 |
64 | 512 | 5,250 |
db-c4a-highmem-72 |
72 | 576 | 6,000 |
C4A machine series limitations
Consider the following limitations when choosing the C4A machine series for your Cloud SQL Enterprise Plus edition instance:
- Upgrading and downgrading your instance's Cloud SQL edition isn't supported.
- You can't change your instance's machine series after instance creation.
- You can't restore an instance to a different machine series. The machine series for the restored instance must match the new instance.
- Your instance's replicas must be the same machine series as the instance.
- Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL version 12 isn't supported with the C4A machine series.
Machine series availability for Cloud SQL Enterprise edition instances
For Cloud SQL Enterprise edition instances, you can select one of the following machine series:
- General purpose shared core: this machine series is a x86 based machine series.
General purpose dedicated core: this machine series provides balanced price-to-performance using x86 based machines.
N4: this machine series provides balanced price-to-performance using Intel Emerald Rapids.
General purpose shared core
The general purpose shared core machine series provides machine types with predefined CPUs (cores) and memory for your instances. It uses the SSD or HDD storage option. For more information about storage types, see Cloud SQL storage options overview.
The following machine types are available for instances for the general purpose shared core machine series:
| Machine type | vCPUs | Memory (GB) |
|---|---|---|
db-f1-micro |
1 | 0.614 |
db-g1-small |
1 | 1.7 |
General purpose dedicated core
The General purpose dedicated core machine series provides custom instance configurations that let you select the memory and CPUs your instance needs. This flexibility lets you select the appropriate VM shape for your workload. It uses the SSD or HDD storage option. For more information about storage types, see Cloud SQL storage options overview.
Custom machine type names use the following format: db-custom-{CPUs}-{Memory}.
When you select the number of CPUs and memory, some restrictions apply to the
configurations you can select.
General purpose dedicated core and custom machine types
You can set custom configurations for the general purpose dedicated core machine series as follows:
- vCPUs must be either 1 or an even number between 2 and 96.
- Memory must be:
- 0.9 to 6.5 GB per vCPU
- A multiple of 256 MB
- At least 3.75 GB (3840 MB)
N4 machine series
The N4 machine series provides balanced price-to-performance for your Cloud SQL Enterprise edition instances, with a memory-to-compute ratio of 1 vCPU:8 GB RAM. It uses the Hyperdisk Balanced storage option. For more information about storage types, see Cloud SQL storage options overview.
N4 machine types
The N4 machine series provides custom machine series options. These machine type
names use the following format: db-custom-N4-{CPUs}-{Memory}.
You can set custom configurations for the N4 machine series based on the following requirements:
- vCPUs can range from 2 to 80, in increments of 2.
- Memory can range from 2 GB to 640 GB and must have:
- Minimum memory of 2 GB per vCPU
- Maximum memory of 8 GB per vCPU
The following table shows examples of N4 custom machine types:
| Machine type | vCPUs | Minimum memory (GB) | Maximum memory (GB) |
|---|---|---|---|
db-custom-N4-2-* |
2 | 4 | 16 |
db-custom-N4-4-* |
4 | 8 | 32 |
db-custom-N4-6-* |
6 | 12 | 48 |
db-custom-N4-8-* |
8 | 16 | 64 |
Pricing
The machine series you select affects the cost of your instance. For more information, see Instance pricing. You can also use the pricing calculator to see pricing for various scenarios.