Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL release notes

The rollout of the following minor versions, extension versions, and plugin versions is complete:

Minor versions

• 12.21 is upgraded to 12.22.
• 13.18 is upgraded to 13.20.
• 14.15 is upgraded to 14.17.
• 15.10 is upgraded to 15.12
• 16.6 is upgraded to 16.8.
• 17.2 is upgraded to 17.4.

Extensions and plugins

• PostGIS is upgraded from 3.4.3 to 3.4.4.

To use these versions of the extensions, update your instance to [PostgreSQL version].R20250112.01_14.

If you use a maintenance window, then the updates to the minor, extension, and plugin versions happen according to the timeframe that you set in the window. Otherwise, the updates occur within the next few weeks.

For more information on checking your maintenance version, see Self-service maintenance. To find your maintenance window or to manage maintenance updates, see Find and set maintenance windows.

You can now include replicas when you perform an in-place major version upgrade using gcloud or the Cloud SQL Admin API. For more information, see Upgrade the database major version in-place.

You can now migrate data from Microsoft Azure to Cloud SQL. For more information, see Configure Cloud SQL and the external server for replication.

The rollout of the following minor versions, extension versions, and plugin versions is complete:

Minor versions

• 12.20 is upgraded to 12.21. This version restores functionality of the ALTER {ROLE|DATABASE} SET role command that's present in PostgreSQL version 12.22. For more information, see the PostgreSQL 12.22 release notes.
• 13.16 is upgraded to 13.18.
• 14.13 is upgraded to 14.15.
• 15.8 is upgraded to 15.10.
• 16.4 is upgraded to 16.6.
• 17.0 is upgraded to 17.2.

Extension and plugin versions

• orafce is upgraded from 4.7 to 4.73 (for PostgreSQL instances, versions 11-16).
• pgAudit is upgraded from 17beta to 17.1 (for PostgreSQL instances, version 17).

To use these versions of the extensions, update your instance to one of the following:

• POSTGRES_17_0.R20241011.00_11 (for PostgreSQL instances, version 17)
• [PostgreSQL version].R20240910.01_31 (for PostgreSQL instances, versions 12 to 16)

If you use a maintenance window, then the updates to the minor, extension, and plugin versions happen according to the timeframe that you set in the window. Otherwise, the updates occur within the next few weeks.

For more information on checking your maintenance version, see Self-service maintenance. To find your maintenance window or to manage maintenance updates, see Find and set maintenance windows.

You can now enable query insights for Cloud SQL Enterprise Plus edition. When you enable query insights for Enterprise Plus, you can access additional features in query insights such as 30 days of metrics retention, granular query plan details, and a higher query length limit.

For more information, see Use query insights to improve query performance. Query insights for Cloud SQL Cloud SQL Enterprise Plus edition is in Preview.

Cloud SQL Enterprise Plus edition now supports the following regions:

• africa-south1 (Johannesburg)
• asia-east2 (Hong Kong)
• europe-west10 (Berlin)

You can now use the Network Connectivity Center hub to propagate Private Service Connect endpoints of Cloud SQL instances in a VPC network. All endpoints in this network become accessible transitively to other spoke VPC networks through the hub. This feature is available in Preview.

You can now create instances with both private services access and Private Service Connect enabled for them. You can also enable Private Service Connect for existing private services access instances. This feature is available in Preview. For more information, see Configure both private services access and Private Service Connect.

You can now set up AlloyDB clusters using a copy of your Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL backup. This feature is in Preview. For more information, see Migrate from Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL to AlloyDB.

You can now authenticate to Cloud SQL Studio by using IAM database authentication.

For more information about authentication in Cloud SQL Studio, see Manage your data using Cloud SQL Studio.

For Cloud SQL Enterprise Plus edition instances, you can now use advanced disaster recovery (DR) to simplify recovery and fallback processes after you perform a cross-regional failover. With advanced DR, you can:

• Designate a cross-region disaster recovery (DR) replica
• Perform a cross-region replica failover for disaster recovery
• Restore your original deployment by using zero-data loss switchover

You can also use switchover to simulate disaster recovery without data loss. You can use advanced DR on Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL version 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16.

For more information, see Advanced disaster recovery (DR) and Use advanced disaster recovery (DR). This feature is generally available (GA).

The write endpoint feature is now available in Preview. This endpoint is a global domain name service (DNS) name. This name resolves to the IP address of the current primary Cloud SQL instance that's enabled with private services access.

By using a write endpoint, you can avoid having to make application connection changes after performing a switchover or replica failover operation to test or mitigate a regional failure. For more information, see Configure private IP.

The pgvector extension is now upgraded from version 0.7.4 to version 0.8.0. Use this extension to store and search for vector embeddings in PostgreSQL databases. For more information, see Configure PostgreSQL extensions.

To use this version of the extension, update your instance to one of the following:

• POSTGRES_17_0.R20241011.00_03 (for PostgreSQL instances, version 17)
• [PostgreSQL version].R20240910.01_17 (for PostgreSQL instances, versions 13 to 16)

For more information, see Self-service maintenance.

Support for the northamerica-south1 (Mexico) region.

Cloud SQL now supports near-zero downtime when you enable or disable data cache for Cloud SQL Enterprise Plus edition primary instances. For more information, see Availability in Cloud SQL.

Cloud SQL now supports near-zero downtime for infrequent scale downs (once every three hours) of the compute size (vCPU, memory) of your Cloud SQL Enterprise Plus edition primary instance.

For more information, see Availability in Cloud SQL.

You can now register an AI model endpoint, generate vector embeddings, and invoke predictions by using model endpoint management in Cloud SQL. For more information, see Register and call remote AI models in Cloud SQL overview.

You can now create custom organization policies for the BackupRun resource in Cloud SQL instances. In addition, more fields in the Instances resource are available to create custom organization policies. For more information, see Add custom organization policies.

You can now have Cloud SQL create a Private Service Connect endpoint automatically instead of creating the endpoint manually after the instance is created. You use this endpoint to access a Cloud SQL instance through a VPC network. For more information, see Connect to an instance using Private Service Connect. This feature is available in Preview.

You can now view the size of a backup for a Cloud SQL instance.

When you run the backupRuns.GET API or the gcloud sql backups describe command, the maxChargeableBytes parameter now appears in the response. This parameter contains the maximum number of bytes that you can be charged for a backup.

PostgreSQL version 17 is now generally available.

When using the CLI/API to create an instance, if the database version for the instance or replica that you're creating is PostgreSQL 16 and later, then the default Cloud SQL edition is Enterprise Plus.

When using the CLI/API to create an instance, If you either don't specify a database version or you specify a version other than PostgreSQL 16 and later, then the default Cloud SQL edition is Enterprise.

The following information applies to flags and extensions for PostgreSQL 17:

Flags

These flags are deprecated for PostgreSQL 17:

• old_snapshot_threshold
• trace_recovery_messages

For more information, see Configure database flags.

Extensions

Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL version 17 doesn't support these extensions:

• ip4r
• oracle_fdw
• orafce
• pg_background
• pg_bigm
• pgfincore
• pg_hint_plan
• pg_partman
• pg_proctab
• pgrouting
• pg_similarity
• pg_squeeze
• pgtap
• pgtt
• pg_wait_sampling
• PL/Proxy
• plv8
• postgresql_anonymizer
• postgresql_hll
• prefix
• rdkit
• temporal_tables

To start using PostgreSQL 17, see Create instances.

You can now create a read replica for an instance that has private services access configured for it and connector enforcement enabled for it. For more information, see Connect using Cloud SQL Language Connectors.

The pg_ivm extension, version 1.9, is generally available. This extension enables you to make materialized views up-to-date in which only incremental changes are computed and applied on views rather than recomputing the contents from scratch.

Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL, version 16, now supports the pgRouting extension. This extension extends PostGIS and enhances geospatial processing through network routing and analysis.

For more information on these extensions, see Configure PostgreSQL extensions.

The rollout of the following minor versions, extension versions, and plugin versions is underway:

Minor versions

• 12.19 is upgraded to 12.20.
• 13.15 is upgraded to 13.16.
• 14.12 is upgraded to 14.13.
• 15.7 is upgraded to 15.8.
• 16.3 is upgraded to 16.4.

Extension and plugin versions

• google_ml_integration is upgraded from 1.2 to 1.4.2.
• pgvector is upgraded from 0.7.0 to 0.7.4.

If you use a maintenance window, then the updates to the minor, extension, and plugin versions happen according to the timeframe that you set in the window. Otherwise, the updates occur within the next few weeks.

The new maintenance version is [PostgreSQL version].R20240910.01.00_02. To learn how to check your maintenance version, see Self service maintenance. To find your maintenance window or to manage maintenance updates, see Find and set maintenance windows.

You can now configure server certificate authority (CA) mode when you create a Cloud SQL instance. With server CA mode, you have two options:

• Per-instance CA: this is the default configuration. With this option, an internal CA dedicated to each Cloud SQL instance signs the server certificate for that instance.
• Shared CA: with this option, the Cloud SQL instance uses a CA hierarchy consisting of a root CA and subordinate server CAs managed by Cloud SQL and hosted on Google Cloud Certificate Authority Service (CA Service). The subordinate server CAs in a region sign the server certificates and are shared across instances in the region.

For more information about each option, see Certificate authority (CA) hierarchies. This feature is in Preview.

You can now set up AlloyDB free trial clusters using a copy of your Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL backup. For more information, see Migrate from Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL to AlloyDB.

You can now use gcloud or the Cloud SQL Admin API to switch the storage location of the transaction logs used for point-in-time recovery on your instance without downtime to Cloud Storage. For more information, see Use point-in-time recovery and Switch transaction log storage to Cloud Storage.

Cloud SQL now supports near-zero downtime planned maintenance on standalone Cloud SQL Enterprise Plus edition primary instances. In addition, you can also simulate near-zero downtime for planned maintenance events on standalone Cloud SQL Enterprise Plus edition primary instances.

For more information, see About maintenance on Cloud SQL instances.

You can now upgrade your instances to Cloud SQL Enterprise Plus edition with near-zero downtime. To upgrade your instance, see Upgrade an instance to Cloud SQL Enterprise Plus edition using in-place upgrade.

You can now provide access to Cloud SQL Studio by granting a new IAM role, Cloud SQL Studio User (roles/cloudsql.studioUser), instead of using the Cloud SQL Admin IAM role.

For more information about using Cloud SQL Studio, see Manage your data using Cloud SQL Studio.

You can now use point-in-time recovery to restore your zonal instance to a preferred primary zone and your regional instance to both a preferred primary zone and a preferred secondary zone. For more information, see Use point-in-time recovery (PITR).

When you clone your zonal instance, you can now specify a preferred zone for the instance. You can also specify preferred primary and secondary zones for your regional instance. If the zones for your instance go down in the future, then Cloud SQL can assign the preferred zones to the instance, and you don't experience downtime. For more information, see Clone instances.

Gemini in Databases assistance in Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL is now available in Preview for query insights, system insights, index advisor, and active queries. You can use Gemini assistance to help you observe and troubleshoot your Cloud SQL resources. For more information, see Observe and troubleshoot with Gemini assistance.

IAM group authentication is now generally available (GA) for Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. You can add IAM groups to Cloud SQL instances and manage database access at the group level. To use IAM group authentication, you must have [PostgreSQL version].R20240514.00_04 or later installed on your instance.

You can now create custom organization policies for Cloud SQL instances. For more information, see Add custom organization policies.

You can now use the following optional flags when you export and import files into Cloud SQL instances:

• --clean: if you export files, then this flag enables you to include the DROP <object> SQL statement that's required to drop (clean) database objects before you import them. If you import files, then this flag enables you to clean database objects before you recreate them.
• --if-exists: this flag enables you to include the IF EXISTS SQL statement with each DROP statement that's produced by the clean flag.

If you import files, then these flags apply only if you use the --parallel flag. If you export files, then use these flags only if you're not exporting files in parallel.

Cloud SQL Studio is now generally available. For more information, see Manage your data using Cloud SQL Studio.

You can now search for and manage your Cloud SQL resources by using Dataplex Catalog. For more information about the integration of Cloud SQL and Dataplex Catalog, see Manage your Cloud SQL resources using Dataplex Catalog.

Cloud SQL Enterprise Plus edition now supports the southamerica-west1 (Santiago) region.