Some or all of the information on this page might not apply to Cloud de Confiance by S3NS. See Differences from Google Cloud for more details.

Analyze multimodal data with SQL and BigQuery DataFrames

This tutorial shows you how to analyze multimodal data by using SQL queries and BigQuery DataFrames.

This tutorial uses the product catalog from the public Cymbal pet store dataset.

Objectives

Use ObjectRef values to store image data alongside structured data in a BigQuery standard table.
Enrich your data with image descriptions, keywords, and animal types, and subcategories by using the AI.GENERATE function.
Generate embeddings based on image data by using the AI.EMBED function.
Find similar images by using the VECTOR_SEARCH function.
Summarize user manuals by processing ordered multimodal data using arrays of ObjectRef values.

Costs

In this document, you use the following billable components of Cloud de Confiance by S3NS:

BigQuery: you incur costs for the data that you process in BigQuery.
Cloud Storage: you incur costs for the objects stored in Cloud Storage.
Gemini Enterprise Agent Platform: you incur costs for calls to Agent Platform models.

For more information about, see the following pricing pages:

Before you begin

In the Cloud de Confiance console, on the project selector page, select or create a Cloud de Confiance project.
Roles required to select or create a project
- Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
- Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator role (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles.
Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

Go to project selector
Verify that billing is enabled for your Cloud de Confiance project.
Enable the BigQuery, BigQuery Connection, Cloud Storage, and Agent Platform API APIs.
Roles required to enable APIs
To enable APIs, you need the Service Usage Admin IAM role (roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin), which contains the serviceusage.services.enable permission. Learn how to grant roles.
Enable the APIs

Required roles

To get the permissions that you need to complete this tutorial, ask your administrator to grant you the following IAM roles:

Create a connection: BigQuery Connection Admin (roles/bigquery.connectionAdmin)
Grant permissions to the connection's service account: Project IAM Admin (roles/resourcemanager.projectIamAdmin)
Create a Cloud Storage bucket: Storage Admin (roles/storage.admin)
Create datasets, models, UDFs, and tables, and run BigQuery jobs: BigQuery Admin (roles/bigquery.admin)
Create URLs that let you read and modify Cloud Storage objects: BigQuery ObjectRef Admin (roles/bigquery.objectRefAdmin)

For more information about granting roles, see Manage access to projects, folders, and organizations.

You might also be able to get the required permissions through custom roles or other predefined roles.

Set up

In this section, you create the dataset, connection, tables, and models used in this tutorial.

Create a dataset

Create a BigQuery dataset to contain the objects you create in this tutorial:

In the Cloud de Confiance console, go to the BigQuery page.

Go to BigQuery
In the left pane, click Explorer:

If you don't see the left pane, click Expand left pane to open the pane.
In the Explorer pane, select your project.
Click View actions, and then click Create dataset. The Create dataset pane opens.
For Dataset ID, type cymbal_pets.
Click Create dataset.

Create a connection

Create a Cloud resource connection and get the connection's service account. BigQuery uses the connection to access objects in Cloud Storage:

Go to the BigQuery page.

Go to BigQuery
In the left pane, click Explorer:
In the Explorer pane, click Add data.

The Add data dialog opens.
In the Filter By pane, in the Data Source Type section, select Business Applications.

Alternatively, in the Search for data sources field, you can enter Vertex AI.
In the Featured data sources section, click Vertex AI.
Click the Vertex AI Models: BigQuery Federation solution card.
In the Connection type list, select Vertex AI remote models, remote functions, BigLake and Spanner (Cloud Resource).
In the Connection ID field, type cymbal_conn.
Click Create connection.
Click Go to connection.
In the Connection info pane, copy the service account ID for use in a following step.

Grant permissions to the connection's service account

Grant the connection's service account the appropriate roles to access other services. You must grant these roles in the same project you created or selected in the Before you begin section. Granting the roles in a different project results in the error bqcx-1234567890-xxxx@gcp-sa-bigquery-condel.s3ns.iam.gserviceaccount.com does not have the permission to access resource.

Create a bucket

Create a Cloud Storage bucket for storing transformed objects:

Go to the Buckets page.

Go to Buckets
Click Create.
On the Create a bucket page, in the Get started section, enter a globally unique name that meets the bucket name requirements.
Click Create.

Grant permissions on the Cloud Storage bucket

Give the service account access to use objects in the bucket you created:

Go to the Buckets page.

Go to Buckets
Click the name of the bucket you created.
Click Permissions.
Click Grant access. The Grant access dialog opens.
In the New principals field, enter the service account ID that you copied earlier.
In the Select a role field, choose Cloud Storage, and then select Storage Object User.
Click Save.

Grant permissions on to use Agent Platform models

Give the service account access to use Agent Platform models:

Go to the IAM & Admin page.

Go to IAM & Admin
Click Grant access. The Grant access dialog opens.
In the New principals field, enter the service account ID that you copied earlier.
In the Select a role field, enter Agent Platform User.
Click Save.

Create the tables of example data

Create tables to store the Cymbal pets product information.

Create the `products` table

Create a standard table that contains the Cymbal pets product information:

In the Cloud de Confiance console, go to the BigQuery page.

Go to BigQuery

Run the following to create the products table:

SQL

LOAD DATA OVERWRITE cymbal_pets.products
FROM
  FILES(
    format = 'avro',
    uris = [
      'gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/tutorials/cymbal-pets/tables/products/products_*.avro']);

BigQuery DataFrames

Before trying this sample, follow the BigQuery DataFrames setup instructions in the BigQuery quickstart using BigQuery DataFrames. For more information, see the BigQuery DataFrames reference documentation.

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up ADC for a local development environment.

import bigframes.bigquery as bbq
import bigframes.pandas as bpd

bbq.load_data(
    "cymbal_pets.products",
    write_disposition="OVERWRITE",
    from_files_options={
        "format": "avro",
        "uris": [
            "gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/tutorials/cymbal-pets/tables/products/products_*.avro"
        ],
    },
)

Create the `product_images` table

Create an object table that contains the Cymbal pets product images:

Run the following to create the product_images table:

SQL

CREATE OR REPLACE EXTERNAL TABLE cymbal_pets.product_images
  WITH CONNECTION `us.cymbal_conn`
  OPTIONS (
    object_metadata = 'SIMPLE',
    uris = ['gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/tutorials/cymbal-pets/images/*.png'],
    max_staleness = INTERVAL 30 MINUTE,
    metadata_cache_mode = AUTOMATIC);

BigQuery DataFrames

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up ADC for a local development environment.

bbq.create_external_table(
    "cymbal_pets.product_images",
    replace=True,
    connection_name="us.cymbal_conn",
    options={
        "object_metadata": "SIMPLE",
        "uris": [
            "gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/tutorials/cymbal-pets/images/*.png"
        ],
    },
)

Create models

The SQL instructions in this tutorial show how to call AI functions that don't require you to create a model. If you're following the BigQuery DataFrames instructions, select that option to create remote models that represent a Gemini model and a multimodal embedding model.

SQL

You can skip this step.

BigQuery DataFrames

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up ADC for a local development environment.

gemini_model = bbq.ml.create_model(
    "cymbal_pets.gemini",
    replace=True,
    connection_name="us.cymbal_conn",
    options={"endpoint": "gemini-2.5-flash"},
)

embedding_model = bbq.ml.create_model(
    "cymbal_pets.embedding_model",
    replace=True,
    connection_name="us.cymbal_conn",
    options={"endpoint": "multimodalembedding@001"},
)

Create a `products_mm` table with multimodal data

Create a products_mm table that contains an image column populated with product images from the product_images object table. The image column that is created is a STRUCT column that uses the ObjectRef format.

Run the following to create the products_mm table and populate the image column:

SQL

CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE cymbal_pets.products_mm
AS
SELECT products.* EXCEPT (uri), ot.ref AS image FROM cymbal_pets.products
INNER JOIN cymbal_pets.product_images ot
ON ot.uri = products.uri;

BigQuery DataFrames

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up ADC for a local development environment.

df_images = bpd.read_gbq("SELECT * FROM cymbal_pets.product_images")
df_products = bpd.read_gbq("cymbal_pets.products")

df_products_mm = df_images.merge(df_products, on="uri").drop(columns="uri")
df_products_mm = df_products_mm.rename(columns={"ref": "image"})

Run the following to view the image column data:

SQL

SELECT product_name, image
FROM cymbal_pets.products_mm

BigQuery DataFrames

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up ADC for a local development environment.

df_products_mm[["product_name", "image"]]

The results look similar to the following:

+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| product_name                   | image.uri                            | image.version | image.authorizer              | image.details                                  |
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
|  AquaClear Aquarium Background | gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/    | 1234567891011 | myproject.region.myconnection | {"gcs_metadata":{"content_type":"image/png",   |
|                                | tutorials/cymbal-pets/images/        |               |                               | "md5_hash":"494f63b9b137975ff3e7a11b060edb1d", |
|                                | aquaclear-aquarium-background.png    |               |                               | "size":1282805,"updated":1742492680017000}}    |
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
|  AquaClear Aquarium            | gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/    | 2345678910112 | myproject.region.myconnection | {"gcs_metadata":{"content_type":"image/png",   |
|  Gravel Vacuum                 | tutorials/cymbal-pets/images/        |               |                               | "md5_hash":"b7bfc2e2641a77a402a1937bcf0003fd", |
|                                | aquaclear-aquarium-gravel-vacuum.png |               |                               | "size":820254,"updated":1742492682411000}}     |
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| ...                            | ...                                  | ...           |                               | ...                                            |
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+

Generate product information

Use the AI.GENERATE function to generate the following data for the pet store products:

Add an image_description column to the products_mm table.
Populate the animal_type, search_keywords, and subcategory columns of the products_mm table.
Run a query that returns a description of each product brand and also a count of the number of products from that brand. The brand description is generated by analyzing product information for all of the products from that brand, including product images.

Run the following to create and populate the image_description column:

SQL

CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE cymbal_pets.products_mm AS (
  SELECT
    *, AI.GENERATE(('Describe the following image: ', image), endpoint => 'gemini-2.5-pro').result AS image_description
  FROM
    cymbal_pets.products_mm
);

BigQuery DataFrames

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up ADC for a local development environment.

df_products_mm["url"] = bbq.obj.get_access_url(
    df_products_mm["image"], "R"
).to_frame()
df_products_mm["prompt0"] = "Can you describe the following image?"

df_products_mm["prompt"] = bbq.struct(df_products_mm[["prompt0", "url"]])
df_products_mm = bbq.ai.generate_table(
    gemini_model, df_products_mm, output_schema={"image_description": "STRING"}
)

df_products_mm = df_products_mm[
    [
        "product_id",
        "product_name",
        "brand",
        "category",
        "subcategory",
        "animal_type",
        "search_keywords",
        "price",
        "description",
        "inventory_level",
        "supplier_id",
        "average_rating",
        "image",
        "image_description",
    ]
]

Run the following to update the animal_type, search_keywords, and subcategory columns with generated data:

SQL

CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE cymbal_pets.products_mm AS (
SELECT * EXCEPT(animal_type, search_keywords, subcategory),
  AI.GENERATE(
    ('For the image and description of a pet product, concisely generate the following metadata: '
    '1) animal_type and 2) 5 SEO search keywords, and 3) product subcategory. ',
    image,
    description),
    endpoint => 'gemini-2.5-pro',
    output_schema => 'animal_type STRING, search_keywords ARRAY, subcategory STRING').*
FROM cymbal_pets.products_mm);

BigQuery DataFrames

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up ADC for a local development environment.

df_prompt = bbq.obj.get_access_url(df_products_mm["image"], "R").to_frame()
df_prompt[
    "prompt0"
] = "For the image of a pet product, concisely generate the following metadata: 1) animal_type and 2) 5 SEO search keywords, and 3) product subcategory."

df_products_mm["prompt"] = bbq.struct(df_prompt[["prompt0", "image"]])

df_products_mm = df_products_mm.drop(
    columns=["animal_type", "search_keywords", "subcategory"]
)
df_products_mm = bbq.ai.generate_table(
    gemini_model,
    df_products_mm,
    output_schema="animal_type STRING, search_keywords ARRAY<STRING>, subcategory STRING",
)

Run the following to view the generated data:

SQL

SELECT
  product_name,
  image_description,
  animal_type,
  search_keywords,
  subcategory,
FROM cymbal_pets.products_mm;

BigQuery DataFrames

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up ADC for a local development environment.

df_products_mm[
    [
        "product_name",
        "image_description",
        "animal_type",
        "search_keywords",
        "subcategory",
    ]
]

The results look similar to the following:

+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------+------------------------+------------------+
| product_name                   | image.description                   | animal_type | search_keywords        | subcategory      |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------+------------------------+------------------+
|  AquaClear Aquarium Background | The image shows a colorful coral    | fish        | aquarium background    | aquarium decor   |
|                                | reef backdrop. The background is a  |             | fish tank backdrop     |                  |
|                                | blue ocean with a bright light...   |             | coral reef decor       |                  |
|                                |                                     |             | underwater scenery     |                  |
|                                |                                     |             | aquarium decoration    |                  |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------+------------------------+------------------+
|  AquaClear Aquarium            | The image shows a long, clear       | fish        | aquarium gravel vacuum | aquarium         |
|  Gravel Vacuum                 | plastic tube with a green hose      |             | aquarium cleaning      | cleaning         |
|                                | attached to one end. The tube...    |             | aquarium maintenance   |                  |
|                                |                                     |             | fish tank cleaning     |                  |
|                                |                                     |             | gravel siphon          |                  |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------+------------------------+------------------+
| ...                            | ...                                 | ...         |  ...                   | ...              |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------+------------------------+------------------+

Run the following to generate a description of each product brand and also a count of the number of products from that brand:

SQL

SELECT
  brand,
  COUNT(*) AS cnt,
  AI.GENERATE(('Use the images and text to give one concise brand description ',
              'for a website brand page. Return the description only.',
                ARRAY_AGG(image LIMIT 10), ARRAY_AGG(description), ARRAY_AGG(category),
                ARRAY_AGG(subcategory)),
              endpoint => 'gemini-2.5-pro').result AS brand_description
FROM
  cymbal_pets.products_mm
GROUP BY brand
ORDER BY cnt DESC;

BigQuery DataFrames

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up ADC for a local development environment.

df_agg = df_products_mm[
    ["image", "description", "category", "subcategory", "brand"]
]
df_agg["image"] = bbq.obj.get_access_url(df_products_mm["image"], "R")
df_agg = bbq.array_agg(df_agg.groupby(by=["brand"]))

df_agg["cnt"] = bbq.array_length(df_agg["image"])

df_prompt = df_agg[["image", "description", "category", "subcategory"]]
df_prompt[
    "prompt0"
] = "Use the images and text to give one concise brand description for a website brand page. Return the description only. "

df_agg["prompt"] = bbq.struct(
    df_prompt[["prompt0", "image", "description", "category", "subcategory"]]
)

df_agg = df_agg.reset_index()

df_agg = bbq.ai.generate_table(
    gemini_model, df_agg, output_schema={"brand_description": "STRING"}
)
df_agg[["brand", "brand_description", "cnt"]]

The results look similar to the following:

+--------------+-------------------------------------+-----+
| brand        | brand.description                   | cnt |
+--------------+-------------------------------------+-----+
|  AquaClear   | AquaClear is a brand of aquarium    | 33  |
|              | and pond care products that offer   |     |
|              | a wide range of solutions for...    |     |
+--------------+-------------------------------------+-----+
|  Ocean       | Ocean Bites is a brand of cat food  | 28  |
|  Bites       | that offers a variety of recipes    |     |
|              | and formulas to meet the specific.. |     |
+--------------+-------------------------------------+-----+
|  ...         | ...                                 |...  |
+--------------+-------------------------------------+-----+

Generate embeddings and perform a vector search

Generate embeddings from image data, and then use the embeddings to return similar images by using vector search.

In a production scenario, we recommend creating a vector index before running a vector search. A vector index lets you perform the vector search more quickly, with the trade-off of reducing recall and so returning more approximate results.

Run the following to create the products_embeddings table:

SQL

CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE cymbal_pets.products_embedding
AS (
  SELECT
    product_id,
    AI.EMBED(image, endpoint => 'multimodalembedding@001').result AS embedding,
    image
  FROM cymbal_pets.products_mm
);

BigQuery DataFrames

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up ADC for a local development environment.

df_products_mm["content"] = bbq.obj.get_access_url(df_products_mm["image"], "R")
df_embed = bbq.ai.generate_embedding(
    embedding_model, df_products_mm[["content", "product_id"]]
)

df_embed.to_gbq("cymbal_pets.products_embedding", if_exists="replace")

Run the following to run a vector search to return product images that are similar to the given input image:

SQL

SELECT *
FROM
  VECTOR_SEARCH(
    TABLE cymbal_pets.products_embedding,
    'embedding',
    query_value => AI.EMBED(
                    OBJ.MAKE_REF('gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/tutorials/cymbal-pets/images/cozy-naps-cat-scratching-post-with-condo.png'),
                    endpoint => 'multimodalembedding@001').result);

BigQuery DataFrames

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up ADC for a local development environment.

df_image = bpd.DataFrame(
    {
        "uri": [
            "gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/tutorials/cymbal-pets/images/cozy-naps-cat-scratching-post-with-condo.png"
        ]
    }
).cache()
df_image["image"] = bbq.obj.make_ref(df_image["uri"], "us.cymbal_conn")
df_search = bbq.ai.generate_embedding(
    embedding_model,
    bbq.obj.get_access_url(bbq.obj.fetch_metadata(df_image["image"]), "R"),
)

search_result = bbq.vector_search(
    "cymbal_pets.products_embedding", "embedding", df_search["embedding"]
)
search_result

The results look similar to the following:

+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+----------------+
| query.embedding | base.product_id | base.embedding | base.image.uri                               | base.image.version | base.image.authorizer         | base.image.details                             | distance       |
+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+----------------+
| -0.0112330541   | 181             | -0.0112330541  | gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/            | 12345678910        | myproject.region.myconnection | {"gcs_metadata":{"content_type":               | 0.0            |
| 0.0142525584    |                 |  0.0142525584  | tutorials/cymbal-pets/images/                |                    |                               | "image/png","md5_hash":"21234567hst16555w60j", |                |
| 0.0135886827    |                 |  0.0135886827  | cozy-naps-cat-scratching-post-with-condo.png |                    |                               | "size":828318,"updated":1742492688982000}}     |                |
| 0.0149955815    |                 |  0.0149955815  |                                              |                    |                               |                                                |                |
| ...             |                 |  ...           |                                              |                    |                               |                                                |                |
|                 |                 |                |                                              |                    |                               |                                                |                |
|                 |                 |                |                                              |                    |                               |                                                |                |
+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+----------------+
| -0.0112330541   | 187             | -0.0190353896  | gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/            | 23456789101        | myproject.region.myconnection | {"gcs_metadata":{"content_type":               | 0.4216330832.. |
| 0.0142525584    |                 |  0.0116206668  | tutorials/cymbal-pets/images/                |                    |                               | "image/png","md5_hash":"7328728fhakd9937djo4", |                |
| 0.0135886827    |                 |  0.0136198215  | cozy-naps-cat-scratching-post-with-bed.png   |                    |                               | "size":860113,"updated":1742492688774000}}     |                |
| 0.0149955815    |                 |  0.0173457414  |                                              |                    |                               |                                                |                |
| ...             |                 |  ...           |                                              |                    |                               |                                                |                |
|                 |                 |                |                                              |                    |                               |                                                |                |
|                 |                 |                |                                              |                    |                               |                                                |                |
+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+----------------+
| ...             | ...             | ...            | ...                                          | ...                | ...                           | ...                                            | ...            |
+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+----------------+

Process ordered multimodal data using arrays of `ObjectRef` values

This section shows you how to complete the following tasks:

Create the product_manuals table so that it contains both a PDF file for the Crittercuisine Pro 5000 product manual, and PDF files for each page of that manual.
Create a table that maps the manual to its chunks. The complete manual and the manual pages are each stored in an ObjectRef column.
Analyze an array of ObjectRef values together to return a single generated value.
Analyze an array of ObjectRef values separately and returning a generated value for each array value.

Follow these steps to process ordered multimodal data using ObjectRef values:

Go to the BigQuery page.

Go to BigQuery

Run the following to create the product_manuals table:

SQL

CREATE OR REPLACE EXTERNAL TABLE `cymbal_pets.product_manuals`
  WITH CONNECTION `us.cymbal_conn`
  OPTIONS (
    object_metadata = 'SIMPLE',
    uris = [
        'gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/tutorials/cymbal-pets/documents/*.pdf',
        'gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/tutorials/cymbal-pets/document_chunks/*.pdf']);

BigQuery DataFrames

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up ADC for a local development environment.

bbq.create_external_table(
    "cymbal_pets.product_manuals_all",
    replace=True,
    connection_name="us.cymbal_conn",
    options={
        "object_metadata": "SIMPLE",
        "uris": [
            "gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/tutorials/cymbal-pets/documents/*.pdf",
            "gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/tutorials/cymbal-pets/document_chunks/*.pdf",
        ],
    },
)

Run the following to write PDF data to the map_manual_to_chunks table:

SQL

-- Extract the file and chunks into a single table.
-- Store the chunks in the chunks column as array of ObjectRefs (ordered by page number)
CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE cymbal_pets.map_manual_to_chunks
AS
SELECT ARRAY_AGG(m1.ref)[0] manual, ARRAY_AGG(m2.ref ORDER BY m2.ref.uri) chunks
FROM cymbal_pets.product_manuals m1
JOIN cymbal_pets.product_manuals m2
  ON
    REGEXP_EXTRACT(m1.uri, r'.*/([^.]*).[^/]+')
    = REGEXP_EXTRACT(m2.uri, r'.*/([^.]*)_page[0-9]+.[^/]+')
GROUP BY m1.uri;

BigQuery DataFrames

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up ADC for a local development environment.

df1 = bpd.read_gbq("SELECT * FROM cymbal_pets.product_manuals_all").sort_values(
    "uri"
)
df2 = df1.copy()
df1["name"] = df1["uri"].str.extract(r".*/([^.]*).[^/]+")
df2["name"] = df2["uri"].str.extract(r".*/([^.]*)_page[0-9]+.[^/]+")
df_manuals_all = df1.merge(df2, on="name")
df_manuals_agg = (
    bbq.array_agg(df_manuals_all[["ref_x", "uri_x"]].groupby("uri_x"))["ref_x"]
    .str[0]
    .to_frame()
)
df_manuals_agg["chunks"] = bbq.array_agg(
    df_manuals_all[["ref_y", "uri_x"]].groupby("uri_x")
)["ref_y"]

Run the following to view the PDF data in the map_manual_to_chunks table:

SQL

SELECT *
FROM cymbal_pets.map_manual_to_chunks;

BigQuery DataFrames

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up ADC for a local development environment.

df_manuals_agg

The results look similar to the following:

+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| manual.uri                          | manual.version                 | manual.authorizer                 | manual.details                                       | chunks.uri                                | chunks.version                  | chunks.authorizer                  | chunks.details                                        |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/   | 1742492785900455               | myproject.region.myconnection     | {"gcs_metadata":{"content_type":"application/pef",   | gs://cloud-samples-data/bigquery/         | 1745875761227129                | myproject.region.myconnection      | {"gcs_metadata":{"content_type":"application/pdf",    |
| tutorials/cymbal-pets/documents/    |                                |                                   | "md5_hash":"c9032b037693d15a33210d638c763d0e",       | tutorials/cymbal-pets/documents/          |                                 |                                    | "md5_hash":"5a1116cce4978ec1b094d8e8b49a1d7c",        |
| crittercuisine_5000_user_manual.pdf |                                |                                   | "size":566105,"updated":1742492785941000}}           | crittercuisine_5000_user_manual_page1.pdf |                                 |                                    | "size":504583,"updated":1745875761266000}}            |
|                                     |                                |                                   |                                                      +-------------------------------------------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
|                                     |                                |                                   |                                                      | crittercuisine_5000_user_manual_page1.pdf | 1745875760613874                | myproject.region.myconnection      | {"gcs_metadata":{"content_type":"application/pdf",    |
|                                     |                                |                                   |                                                      | tutorials/cymbal-pets/documents/          |                                 |                                    | "md5_hash":"94d03ec65d28b173bc87eac7e587b325",        |
|                                     |                                |                                   |                                                      | crittercuisine_5000_user_manual_page2.pdf |                                 |                                    | "size":94622,"updated":1745875760649000}}             |
|                                     |                                |                                   |                                                      +-------------------------------------------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
|                                     |                                |                                   |                                                      | ...                                       | ...                             |  ...                               | ...                                                   |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+

Run the following to generate a single response from a Gemini model based on the analysis of an array of ObjectRef values:

SQL

SELECT
  AI.GENERATE((
    '''Can you provide a page by page summary for the first 3 pages of the attached manual?
    Only write one line for each page. The pages are provided in serial order''',
    chunks),
    endpoint => 'gemini-2.5-pro').result AS Response,
FROM cymbal_pets.map_manual_to_chunks

BigQuery DataFrames

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up ADC for a local development environment.

df_manuals_agg["chunks_url"] = bbq.array_agg(
    bbq.obj.get_access_url(df_manuals_agg.explode("chunks")["chunks"], "R").groupby(
        "uri_x"
    )
)
df_manuals_agg[
    "prompt0"
] = "Can you provide a page by page summary for the first 3 pages of the attached manual? Only write one line for each page. The pages are provided in serial order"
df_manuals_agg["prompt"] = bbq.struct(df_manuals_agg[["prompt0", "chunks_url"]])

result = bbq.ai.generate_text(gemini_model, df_manuals_agg["prompt"])["result"]
result

The results look similar to the following:

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Response                                                                  |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Here is a one-line summary for each of the first 3 pages:                 |
|                                                                           |
| Page 1 introduces the CritterCuisine Pro 5000 automatic pet feeder and    |
| presents the initial part of the manual's Table of Contents.              |
| Page 2 lists the items included with the feeder and details important     |
| safety precautions for its use.                                           |
| Page 3 describes the feeder's key features, provides assembly and initial |
| setup instructions, and begins the programming guide with clock setting.  |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Run the following to generate multiple responses from a Gemini model based on the analysis of an array of ObjectRef values:

SQL

WITH results AS (
  SELECT
    AI.GENERATE((
      '''Can you provide a page by page summary for the first 3 pages of the attached manual?
      Only write one line for each page. The pages are provided in serial order''',
      chunks),
      endpoint => 'gemini-2.5-pro'
      output_schema =>  'page1_summary STRING, page2_summary STRING, page3_summary STRING').*
  FROM cymbal_pets.map_manual_to_chunks)
SELECT page1_summary, page2_summary, page3_summary
FROM results;

BigQuery DataFrames

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up ADC for a local development environment.

result = bbq.ai.generate_table(
    gemini_model,
    df_manuals_agg["prompt"],
    output_schema={
        "page1_summary": "STRING",
        "page2_summary": "STRING",
        "page3_summary": "STRING",
    },
)[["page1_summary", "page2_summary", "page3_summary"]]
result

The results look similar to the following:

+-----------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| page1_summary                                 | page2_summary                             | page3_summary                                      |
+-----------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| This manual provides an overview of the       | This section explains how to program      | This page covers connecting the feeder to Wi-Fi    |
| CritterCuisine Pro 5000 automatic pet feeder, | the feeder's clock, set feeding           | using the CritterCuisine Connect app,  remote      |
| including its features, safety precautions,   | schedules, copy and delete meal settings, | feeding, managing feeding schedules, viewing       |
| assembly instructions, and initial setup.     | manually feed your pet, record            | feeding logs, receiving low food alerts,           |
|                                               | a voice message, and understand           | updating firmware, creating multiple pet profiles, |
|                                               | the low food level indicator.             | sharing access with other users, and cleaning      |
|                                               |                                           | and maintaining the feeder.                        |
+-----------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+

Clean up

In the Cloud de Confiance console, go to the Manage resources page.
Go to Manage resources
In the project list, select the project that you want to delete, and then click Delete.
In the dialog, type the project ID, and then click Shut down to delete the project.

Analyze multimodal data with SQL and BigQuery DataFrames

Objectives

Costs

Before you begin

Required roles

Set up

Create a dataset

Create a connection

Grant permissions to the connection's service account

Create a bucket

Grant permissions on the Cloud Storage bucket

Grant permissions on to use Agent Platform models

Create the tables of example data

Create the products table

SQL

BigQuery DataFrames

Create the product_images table

SQL

BigQuery DataFrames

Create models

SQL

BigQuery DataFrames

Create a products_mm table with multimodal data

SQL

BigQuery DataFrames

SQL

BigQuery DataFrames

Generate product information

SQL

BigQuery DataFrames

SQL

BigQuery DataFrames

SQL

BigQuery DataFrames

SQL

BigQuery DataFrames

Generate embeddings and perform a vector search

SQL

BigQuery DataFrames

SQL

BigQuery DataFrames

Process ordered multimodal data using arrays of ObjectRef values

SQL

BigQuery DataFrames

SQL

BigQuery DataFrames

SQL

BigQuery DataFrames

SQL

BigQuery DataFrames

SQL

BigQuery DataFrames

Clean up

Create the `products` table

Create the `product_images` table

Create a `products_mm` table with multimodal data

Process ordered multimodal data using arrays of `ObjectRef` values